Networking

Networking: (Defn:)
 An interconnected collection of autonomous(individual) computers(devices) which is used to store, retrieve and share information.
 these Interconnection may be made with the following channels:

•  copper wires
• fibre optics
• microwave links, communication satelites etc

Use of Computer Network or Need for the computer Networks

Networks for companies

·         Resource sharing -  programs, equipment and data   can be shared by  anyone on the Network, even when users are at 1000 Km away

·         High reliability -   By replicating important files/database on two or more machines  reliability can be ensured. This enables to continue operating in the face of hardware problem.     e.g. Military, banking, air traffic control, nuclear reactor safety etc.

         Saving money - By use of small computers

•        Organisation Expansion -       Ability to expand the network size if required Comm. medium -Easy to transfer reports from one another computer network provide powerful communication medium.

Network for the people

•          Access to remote information

•          People pay their bill

•          Manage their bank accounts

•          Handle their investments electronically

•          Home shopping

•          Ability to inspect the on-line catalogs of companies

•          News papers

•          Magazines, scientific journals, online digital library

Current World Wide Web Which Contains

Information about

•           art

•           business

•           cooking                       

•           government

•           health 

•           history

•           hobbies

•           recreation

•           science

•           sports

•           travel, and many more

Person to Person Communication & E-mail

•          Second broad category of network

•          Electronic mail  or e – mail

•          Videoconference

•          World wide newsgroup

Interactive Entertainment

•          Video on demand

•          Select any movie or TV program

•          Live TV may also became interactive

•          The audience participating in quiz shows

•          Choosing among contestants and so on

•          Games on demand  

•          3-dimensional real time gaming

•          Photographic – quality moving image

Networks for social issues

•          News-groups

•          Messages, high resolution photography,  short video clips

•          Bulletin boards

1.       ______ are rules that govern a communication exchange

                a) Media

                b) Criteria

                c) Protocols

                d) all of the above

2. The _________  is the physical path over which a message travels.

                a) Media

                b) Criteria

                c) Protocols

                d) all of the above

  3.  Computer networks are used in ___________________ .

                a) Companies

                b) People

                c) social issues

                d) All of the above

4. In……..topology, each node is connected to every other node by direct links. (a) ring (b)tree (c) mesh (d)bus

5. A concept similar to a telephone network is used in ………topology. (a) ring (b)tree (c) mesh (d)star

6. In tree topology, the central hub is called…..hub. (a) active (b) passive (c) Inactive (d)Live

7. In..topology, if a node fails, the whole network can not function. (a) Ring (b)tree (c)mesh (d) star

8. ……topology used multipoint philosophy. (a)ring (b) bus (c) mesh (d) Hybrid

9. In the case of …., a direct physical connection path is established between two computers. (a) circuit switching (b) packet switching (c) message switching (d) datagram approach

10. …..is more suitable for human communication. (a)circuit switching (b) packet switching (c)message switching (d) datagram approach

11. …is more suitable for computer communications. (a)circuit switching (b) packet switching (c)message switching (d) none

12. the………….layer is the lowest layer in the OSI model. (a) physical (b) transport (c)session (d) application

13. The ………layer is the topmost layer in the OSI model. (a) physical (b) transport (c)session (d) application

14. An Ethernet address can be…….(a) unique (b) Optional (c) duplicated (d) never duplicated

15. In token ring, a special packet containing a ……..goes a rounded the network. (a) data (b) header (c) token (d) bit

1. In  ________  each node is connected to every other node by direct links

                a) Ring topology

                b) Tree topology

                c) mesh topology

                d) bus topology

2. A concept similar to a telephone network is used in ___________________ 

                a) Ring topology

                b) Tree topology

                c) Mesh topology

                d) Star topology

In _____________,  if a node fails, the whole network cannot function

                a) Ring topology

                 b) Tree topology

                 c) Mesh topology

                 d) Star topology

4. _______________   uses  multipoint philosophy

                 a) Ring topology

                 b) Bus topology

                 c) Mesh topology

                 d) Hybrid topology

FAQ’S

Short questions

1.       Define computer network and state its use. (april2010)

2.       Distinguish between circuit switching and packet switching. (march/april 2008, april 2010)

3.       Give some features and applications of Bluetooth technology (april 2010)

4.       Write the applications of WAP. (march/april 2008, april 2010)

Essay type questions

1.       Describe the following network topologies: (i) bus (ii) star (iii)ring. (mar/april 2008,april 2010)

2.       Expalain the concepts of router and routing. (april 2010)